EDITORIAL ESPANOL:

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Hola Amigos de la red, el tema de hoy: LA ESCABIOSIS Y LA GENÉTICA, ALGUNA RELACIÓN ???. Si yo les dijese que existe una relación entre la vulgar y común SARNA y la predisposición a padecerla TENDRÍA que convencerlos. Pues en algunas de estas referencias bibliográficas queda plasmado que se han hecho estudios donde se ha demostrado una susceptibilidad estadísticamente significativa entre los antígenos de histocompatibilidad (HLA) y la ESCABIOSIS, y en los dos estudios el antígeno asociado fue el MISMO.

En otras referencias, el papel inmunológico del organismo es factor importante en el comportamiento de la enfermedad y sus manifestaciones clínicas. Al final un REPASO de las ya terapias conocidas lindano, permetrin y el último grito de la MODA el popular IVERMECTIN. Quien iba a pensar que tenemos una predisposición para que ese BICHITO se nos monte ??? 

En las 27 referencias, los hechos,,, 

Saludos,,,

Dr. José Lapenta R.,,,

 EDITORIAL ENGLISH:

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Hello Friends of the net, today's topic: THE SCABIES AND THE GENETICS, SOME RELATIONSHIP ???. If I tell you that a relationship exists between the vulgar and common SCABIES and the susceptibility to suffer it I would HAVE to convince you. In some of these bibliographical references it is captured that studies have been made where a susceptibility has been demonstrated statistically significant among the Histocompatibility HLA) antigens and the SCABIES, and in the two studies the associate antigen was the SAME one.

In others references, the immunologic paper of the organism is important factor in the behavior of the illness and its clinical manifestations. At the end a REVIEW of those already therapies well-known lindane, permethrin and the one FASHION and popular IVERMECTIN. Who we will think that we have a susceptibility to the BUG be mounted above us ??? 

In the 27 references, the facts,,, 

Greetings,,,

Dr. José Lapenta R. 

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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS / BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES 

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1.) Histocompatibility (HLA) antigens in Egyptians with two parasitic skin diseases (scabies and leishmaniasis). 

2.) The immunology of scabies. 

3.) HLA antigens in patients with scabies. 

4.) Immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the skin and circulating immune complexes in scabies. 

5.) The immunology of scabies. 

6.) Serum IgE before and after treatment for scabies. 

7.) Cutaneous histiocytosis with Langerhans cell features induced by scabies: a case report. 

8.) Skin test and radioallergosorbent test characteristics of scabietic patients. 

9.) In vitro demonstration of specific immunological hypersensitivity to scabies mite. 

10.) A DNA fingerprinting system for the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. 

11.) The behaviour of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis in human skin: an ultrastructural study. 

12.) Immuno histopathological status of the skin in cases infested with three species of mites. 

13.) Scabietic nodules: a dermatopathologic and immunofluorescent study. 

14.) Immunologic cross-reactivity among various strains of Sarcoptes scabiei. 

15.) Can house dust mite-triggered atopic dermatitis be alleviated using acaricides? 

16.) Epiluminescence microscopy. A new approach to in vivo detection of Sarcoptes scabiei. 

17.)[Ivermectin and tropical dermatoses] 

18.) Success of a scabies control program in an Australian aboriginal community. 

19.) Equivalent therapeutic efficacy and safety of ivermectin and lindane in the treatment of human scabies. 

20.) The treatment of scabies with ivermectin. 

21.) Epidemiology and control of scabies in an Egyptian village. 

22.) Crusted scabies in two immunocompromised children: successful treatment with oral ivermectin. 

23.) Treatment of scabies with ivermectin. 

24.) Efficacy and tolerance of oral ivermectin in scabies. 

25.) Norwegian scabies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 

26.) Ivermectin for Sarcoptes scabiei hyperinfestation. 

27.) Crusted scabies of the scalp in dermatomyositis patients: three cases treated with oral ivermectin. 

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1.) Histocompatibility (HLA) antigens in Egyptians with two parasitic skin 

diseases (scabies and leishmaniasis). 

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J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1990 Dec;20(2):565-72 

Morsy TA, Romia SA, al-Ganayni GA, Abu-Zakham AA, al-Shazly AM, Rezk RA 

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt. 

The frequency of human leucocytic antigens (HLA) were studied in 62 

patients with scabies and 27 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis to 

evaluate the role of HLA antigens as genetic markers in the pathogenesis of 

these parasitic skin diseases. A significant statistical association was 

proved between HLA-A11 antigen and scabies and between HLA-A11, -B5 and -B7 

antigens and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. 

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2.) The immunology of scabies. 

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Ann Allergy 1983 Dec;51(6):560-6 

Dahl MV 

Scabies is an inflammatory skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes 

scabiei. The mite itself provokes little dermatitis. The rash and itch 

associated with scabies is probably a manifestation of immune response. The 

immune response may help to limit the number of infesting organisms either 

directly by toxic products generated during the reaction or indirectly by 

evoking scratch. Critical studies using purified antigens from scabies 

mites in vivo and in vitro will be necessary in order to clarify the nature 

of the antigens involved and the role of different types of immune 

responses in producing clinical disease. 

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3.) HLA antigens in patients with scabies. 

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Br J Dermatol 1981 Mar;104(3):317-20 

Falk ES, Thorsby E 

Sixty patients with scabies were typed for thirty-three antigens of the 

HLA-A, -B and -C series. A significantly increased frequency was found for 

HLA-AII (28.3%), compared to healthy controls (10.4%). This deviation was 

only found in those of the patients without signs of atopic disease. 

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4.) Immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the skin and circulating 

immune complexes in scabies. 

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ARTICLE SOURCE: Acta Derm Venereol (Sweden), 1982, 62(1) p73-6 

AUTHOR(S): Salo OP; Reunala T; Kalimo K; Rantanen T 

PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

ABSTRACT: Sixteen patients with papulovesicular, 6 with nodular and one 

with a Norwegian scabies were studied. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) 

examination revealed C3 deposits in the skin lesions of 13 of the 18 

patients. Among them were all 6 cases with nodular scabies. C3 was found 

mostly in dermal vessel walls and 3 of the patients also showed IgM and 2 

IgA deposits at the same site. No circulating immune complexes were found, 

with a solid-phase C1q radioimmunoassay (RIA), but HSV- and RSV-RIA methods 

detected IgM antibodies of rheumatoid factor type in 5 of the 15 sera 

examined. These results suggest that local complement activation and 

perhaps also immune complex deposition may by important in the pathogenesis 

of the papular and nodular skin lesions of human scabies. 

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5.) The immunology of scabies. 

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ARTICLE SOURCE: Semin Dermatol (United States), Mar 1993, 12(1) p15-21 

AUTHOR(S): Cabrera R; Agar A; Dahl MV 

AUTHOR'S ADDRESS: Department of Dermatology, University of Chile School of 

Medicine, Santiago. 

PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW (52 references); REVIEW, TUTORIAL 

ABSTRACT: Individuals with scabies react to bites by generating a 

cell-mediated immune response at the bite site. This elicits a very itchy 

papule that is often excoriated. Sometimes ulcerated papules, vasculitis, 

and nodules develop as a result of other immunologic reactions in skin. 

Immunologic reactions mediated by antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG), 

IgM, and especially, IgE classes may also be involved. None of these 

reactions have been shown to eliminate all mites from the skin surface, but 

locally these reactions may prevent the epidemic multiplication of scabies' 

organisms on the skin surface, as observed in some patients with crusted 

scabies. 

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6.) Serum IgE before and after treatment for scabies. 

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ARTICLE SOURCE: Allergy (Denmark), Apr 1981, 36(3) p167-74 

AUTHOR(S): Falk ES 

PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

ABSTRACT: In 120 patients, treated for scabies infection, the serum IgE 

concentrations fell from high levels in 54 and normal levels in 66 to lower 

levels 12 months after treatment. The specific IgE antibodies to 

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (RAST) were also reduced 12 months after 

treatment. The decrease in both IgE concentrations and IgE antibodies was 

most conspicuous in non-atopic patients. These findings confirm previous 

observations of specific immunological hypersensitivity to scabies mite, 

and that scabies infection stimulates the production of IgE antibodies. 

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7.) Cutaneous histiocytosis with Langerhans cell features induced by 

scabies: a case report. 

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ARTICLE SOURCE: Pediatr Dermatol (United States), Dec 1994, 11(4) p327-30 

AUTHOR(S): Talanin NY; Smith SS; Shelley ED; Moores WB 

AUTHOR'S ADDRESS: Division of Dermatology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 

43699-0008. 

INDEXING CHECK TAG(S): Case Report; Human; Male 

PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

ABSTRACT: An infant with biopsy-proven scabies developed nodular lesions. 

Histopathology revealed atypical histiocytes with Langerhans cell features. 

Within six months after treatment all skin lesions gradually disappeared. 

We suggest that the nodules in scabies can be due to Langerhans cell 

proliferation. 

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8.) Skin test and radioallergosorbent test characteristics of scabietic 

patients. 

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Morgan MS; Arlian LG; Estes SA 

Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 

45435, 

USA. 

Am J Trop Med Hyg (UNITED STATES) Aug 1997 57 (2) p190-6 ISSN: 0002-9637 

Contract/Grant No.: AI-17252--AI--NIAID 

Language: ENGLISH 

Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

Journal Announcement: 9711 

Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS 

The scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei and the Dermatophagoides house dust 

mites (HDM) 

are related phylogenetically and are the sources of several cross-reactive 

antigens. 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune response to S. 

scabiei and 

HDM in scabietic patients. Skin test sensitivity and serum IgE to both S. 

scabiei 

and HDM were determined for patients who had or previously had confirmed 

ordinary 

scabies. A retrospective group included nine subjects who had received 

successful 

treatment three weeks to one year prior to the study. A prospective group 

included 

16 subjects with active scabies. Allergic histories were obtained, serum was 

collected, and skin prick tests (SPTs) were performed at enrollment for all 

and 

periodically over the next 12 months for the prospective patients. None of 

the 

individuals in either group reported a known sensitivity to HDM. Six of 

the nine 

retrospective patients were SPT positive to both S. scabiei and HDM and two 

of these 

showed circulating IgE specific for these antigens. At diagnosis, 13 of 16 

patients 

with active scabies were SPT positive to S. scabiei and 12 of these were 

also SPT 

and/or radioallergosorbent test positive to HDM. Six patients had 

circulating IgE 

directed at both S. scabiei and HDM antigens while one subject had IgE to 

S. scabiei 

only and another had IgE directed at HDM only. Twelve of the 15 subjects 

tested also 

showed IgE and/or IgG binding to one or more bands on Western blots of an 

S. scabiei- 

specific protein fraction. This study indicated that approximately half of 

the 

patients with active scabies had S. scabiei- and HDM-specific circulating 

IgE while 

most patients cured of scabies lacked S. scabiei- and HDM-specific serum 

IgE. The 

data also suggested that antibodies to S. scabiei in scabietic patients also 

recognize HDM; however, some antibodies were directed at scabies-specific 

antigens. 

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9.) In vitro demonstration of specific immunological hypersensitivity to 

scabies mite. 

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ARTICLE SOURCE: Br J Dermatol (England), Oct 1980, 103(4) p367-73 

AUTHOR(S): Falk ES; Bolle R 

PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

ABSTRACT: An extract prepared from 200 adult female scabies mites was used 

for prick and intracutaneous testing in twelve patients with previous 

scabies infestation, as well as in six healthy controls and three persons 

with skin sensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus who had never had 

scabies before. Seven individuals who had had scabies less than a year 

prior to the testing had positive intracutaneous (immediate type) 

reactions, whereas all the five who had had scabies more than a year before 

had negative reactions. The prick tests were negative in all cases. No skin 

reactions could be evoked in the controls. The passive transfer, or 

Prausnitz-Kustner, test was positive with the scabies mite extract and 

serum from three of five patients tested on one healthy individual, and 

with both of two sera tested on a second healthy individual. These findings 

indicate that immediate type hypersensitivity reactions may occur with 

scabies infection. 

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10.) A DNA fingerprinting system for the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. 

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Walton SF; Currie BJ; Kemp DJ 

Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Australia. 

shelley@menzies.su.edu.au 

Mol Biochem Parasitol (NETHERLANDS) Apr 1997 85 (2) p187-96 ISSN: 

0166-6851 

Language: ENGLISH 

Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

Journal Announcement: 9709 

Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS 

We describe multiple hypervariable microsatellites that will provide a 

highly 

informative genetic marker system for the sarcoptid mite Sarcoptes scabiei. 

Eighteen 

positive clones containing the highly repetitive sequence (GA)n were 

isolated from a 

partial genomic library of S. scabiei. Ten of these clones were 

characterised by 

sequencing and primers were designed from the unique sequences flanking eight 

microsatellite loci. Genomic DNA was subsequently extracted from 

individual mites 

and the repeat blocks were amplified by way of [gamma 33P] ATP end-labelled 

polymerase chain reaction. Fragment length polymorphisms were revealed in 

three of 

the loci when resolved on polyacrylamide sequencing gels. The high levels 

of allelic 

variability demonstrated between individual mites enable these three loci 

to form a 

DNA fingerprinting system that will be suitable for epidemiological and 

taxonomic 

studies both within and between host species. 

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11.) The behaviour of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis in human skin: an 

ultrastructural study. 

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Fimiani M; Mazzatenta C; Alessandrini C; Paccagnini E; Andreassi L 

Department of Dermatology, University of Siena, Italy. 

J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol (ITALY) Jan 1997 29 (1) p105-13 ISSN: 

0022-4782 

Language: ENGLISH 

Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

Journal Announcement: 9706 

Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS 

The biology of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis is poorly understood 

because of the 

lack of an in vivo or in vitro propagation system. To obtain more 

information on the 

mite behaviour in its natural habitat we conducted an ultrastructural study 

of 

burrows in a number of patients with common scabies. Scanning electron 

microscopy 

furnished attractive images of the tunnel, parasite body and eggs 

architecture and 

demonstrated the presence of holes in the tunnel roof probably representing 

aeration 

structures. Transmission electron microscopy showed a marked keratinocyte 

damage 

around burrowing mites, well evident ahead of the mite capitulum also. 

Faecal 

pellets containing keratinocyte micro-organelles (melanosomes and 

mitochondria) were 

documented in posterior midgut. For the first time we disclosed the adhesion 

mechanism of eggs to the burrow floor. We showed that the typical 

finger-like 

projections of the outer layer of the egg shell gradually disappear where 

the eggs 

are in contact with the tunnel floor. This allows the inner layer of the 

egg shell 

to fuse and stick with the damaged keratinocytes lining the tunnel floor. 

Our 

observation substantiates that Sarcoptes scabiei produces a proteolytic 

substance 

(salivary secretions?) that has a key role in its life cycle allowing 

burrowing, 

feeding and eggs-burrow adhesion. 

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12.) Immunohistopathological status of the skin in cases infested with 

three species of mites. 

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Yassien NA; Ghoraba HM; Doghaim NN; Afify EM 

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt. 

J Egypt Soc Parasitol (EGYPT) Dec 1996 26 (3) p567-73 ISSN: 0253-5890 

Language: ENGLISH 

Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

Journal Announcement: 9704 

Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS 

This study was performed on eighty patients with clinical manifestations 

of scabies. 

Sarcoptes scabiei adult or larva was isolated from 39 patients (48.8%). 

Dermanyssus 

gallinae (red poultry mite) and Dermatophagoides sp. were isolated from 6 

and 5 

patients respectively. Punch biopsies were taken from the patients, 

stained with 

haematoxylin and eosin and direct immunofluorescence stain to study the 

immunopathological status of the skin infested with three species of mites. 

The 

results declared that the pathological changes and the immunoglobulin 

deposition in 

the skin were nearly similar regardless of the type of the causative mite 

with the 

except of the presence of burrows in Sarcoptes scabiei. 

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13.) Scabietic nodules: a dermatopathologic and immunofluorescent study. 

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ARTICLE SOURCE: J Cutan Pathol (Denmark), Apr 1992, 19(2) p124-7 

AUTHOR(S): Liu HN; Sheu WJ; Chu TL 

AUTHOR'S ADDRESS: Department of Dermatology, Veterans General 

Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 

PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

ABSTRACT: Mites and their eggs were thought to be rarely found in nodular 

lesions of scabies. However, serial sections from 27 scabietic scrotal 

papules or nodules revealed mite parts in 22% (6/27). This supports the 

contention that scabietic nodules may result from persisting antigens of 

mite parts. In contrast to previous studies, vasculitis with fibrinoid 

degeneration was uncommon (3/27) in our series. This discrepancy may be due 

to the timing of the biopsies: 2 of 3 cases with vasculitis were associated 

with diffuse dense infiltration, and vasculitis may be a late event in the 

development of scabietic nodules. The specificity of immunoreactant 

deposits along the epidermodermal junction (EDJ) in scabies is 

controversial. In our study, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was performed 

on 13 scabietic nodules. Four (31%) showed immunoreactants at the EDJ and 

two on blood vessels. Because of the relatively low positive rate, the low 

intensity of fluorescence, and 3 of 4 cases with positive immunoreactants 

having only a single class of immunoglobulin, the deposition may only be 

secondary to inflammation instead of a specific type II immunologic 

reaction to scabies. 

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14.) Immunologic cross-reactivity among various strains of Sarcoptes scabiei. 

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AU: Arlian-LG; Morgan-MS; Arends-JJ 

AD: Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, 

Ohio 45435, USA. 

SO: J-Parasitol. 1996 Feb; 82(1): 66-72 

ISSN: 0022-3395 

PY: 1996 

LA: ENGLISH 

CP: UNITED-STATES 

AB: Varieties of Sarcoptes scabiei from different hosts are highly host 

specific but they are morphologically indistinguishable. The purpose of 

this study was to investigate the immunologic cross-reactivity among 

several varieties of scabies mites using serum from a human scabies patient 

and from several other species of infested hosts. Homologous and 

heterologous crossed-immunoelectrophoretic (CIE) analysis of extracts 

prepared from var. canis (dog) and var. suis (pig) mites yielded very 

similar antigen profiles. Serum from a human patient infested with var. 

hominis had circulating IgE that bound to antigens present in extracts 

prepared from each animal mite variety. Antigen homology was further 

confirmed by fused peaks on tandem CIE. Additionally, sodium dodecyl 

sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/immunoblot analysis showed that 

the 2 extracts contained proteins that bound antibody in serum from a var. 

suis-infested pig, a var. canis-infested dog, var. canis-infested rabbits, 

and a var. hominis-infested human. The results of this study clearly 

indicate that different varieties of scabies mites, though host specific, 

introduce some immunologically cross-reactive molecules into the host. 

However, each serum from the 4 scabies-infested hosts also contained 

antibody that was specific for proteins in extract from only 1 variety of 

mite. These data indicated that each variety of scabies introduced some 

unique molecules into the host, each strain produced some similar 

molecules, or both, but different hosts responded immunologically to 

different sets of these. 

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15.) Can house dust mite-triggered atopic dermatitis be alleviated using 

acaricides? 

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Cameron MM 

Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical 

Medicine, 

U.K. 

Br J Dermatol (ENGLAND) Jul 1997 137 (1) p1-8 ISSN: 0007-0963 

Language: ENGLISH 

Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL 

Journal Announcement: 9711 

Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS 

House dust mite (HDM) allergens are the most important triggers for atopic 

dermatitis. Reducing exposure to these allergens may alleviate clinical 

symptoms. 

Chemicals with acaricidal activity have been used to treat upholstered 

furniture, 

carpets and bedding with the aim to reduce HDM allergen exposure. These 

chemicals, 

by reducing HDM, can decrease the concentration of mite allergens in dust but 

improvements in clinical symptoms are not always apparent. Clinical 

improvement is 

more likely to occur if bedding has been treated rather than carpets and 

upholstery. 

Future control strategies should be aimed at treating bedding. Permethrin 

is a very 

efficient killer of mites. It is used topically to treat scabies and head 

lice and 

is impregnated in bed nets to prevent mosquito bites. Even when applied to 

the skin 

in high concentrations, it has a very low toxicity in humans and other 

mammals. 

Permethrin-impregnated bedding may prove to be the best control method in the 

treatment of HDM allergen-triggered atopic conditions. (93 References) 

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16.) Epiluminescence microscopy. A new approach to in vivo detection of 

Sarcoptes 

scabiei. 

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Argenziano G; Fabbrocini G; Delfino M 

Clinic of Dermatology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy. 

Arch Dermatol (UNITED STATES) Jun 1997 133 (6) p751-3 ISSN: 0003-987X 

Language: ENGLISH 

Document Type: CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE 

Journal Announcement: 9709 

Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS 

BACKGROUND: The usual methods of scabies diagnosis include microscopic 

identification of the mites and their eggs and feces in skin scrapings. In 

many 

cases, the results of microscopic examination can be negative owing to the 

low number 

of parasites present in the cornified layer. Epiluminescence microscopy 

(ELM) is an 

in vivo technique that allows a detailed inspection of the skin, from the 

surface to 

the superficial papillary dermis. This is where the scabies mite lives. 

In this 

study, we evaluate the applicability and the usefulness of ELM for in vivo 

diagnosis 

of scabies. OBSERVATIONS: Sixty-five (93%) of 70 cases of scabies showed 

small, 

dark, triangular structures at the sites examined with ELM. A subtle 

linear segment 

seen below the base of the triangle was made visible by the presence of 

small air 

bubbles. Together, both structures resembled a jet with contrail. On 

traditional 

microscopic examination of the scrapings, we verified that the triangular 

structure 

corresponded to the pigmented anterior section of the mite in all cases. 

The linear 

segment observed on ELM was thought to be the burrow of the mite along with 

its eggs 

and fecal pellets. The cases in which the results of a first ELM 

examination were 

negative demonstrated positive results on a second ELM examination carried 

out 20 

days later. CONCLUSION: Epiluminescence microscopy is a very useful tool 

for in vivo 

diagnosis of scabies because it permits Sarcoptes scabiei detection in only 

a few 

minutes, with no discomfort to the patient and with a very low number of 

false- 

negative results. 

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17.)[Ivermectin and tropical dermatoses] 

Ivermectine et dermatoses tropicales. 

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Caumes E 

Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Groupe hospitalier Pitie- 

Salp.ANG.etriere, Paris. 

Bull Soc Pathol Exot (FRANCE) 1997 90 (1) p37-8 

Language: FRENCH Summary Language: ENGLISH 

Document Type: 

JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL English Abstract 

Journal Announcement: 9710 

Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS 

Among tropical dermatoses, the main indications of ivermectine are tropical 

parasitoses such as filariasis and cosmopolitan diseases due to 

ectoparasites such as 

scabies. The efficacy and tolerance of ivermectine in filariasis 

(onchocerciasis, 

lymphatic filariasis, loiasis) have been the topic of numerous articles and 

reviews. 

More recent studies showed that ivermectin was also efficient in the 

therapy of 

scabies, cutaneous larva migrans and larva currens. (17 References) 

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18.) Success of a scabies control program in an Australian aboriginal 

community. 

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Carapetis JR; Connors C; Yarmirr D; Krause V; Currie BJ 

Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. 

jonc@menzies.su.edu.au 

Pediatr Infect Dis J (UNITED STATES) May 1997 16 (5) p494-9 ISSN: 

0891-3668 

Language: ENGLISH 

Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE 

Journal Announcement: 9710 

Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS 

OBJECTIVE: To adapt, implement and evaluate a model of scabies control in 

an 

Australian Aboriginal community. METHODS: After initially examining the 

population, 

we offered all residents treatment with 5% permethrin cream. Visits were 

made during 

the ensuing 25 months to rescreen and to treat new-cases of scabies and 

contacts. 

RESULTS: The prevalence of scabies was reduced from 28.8% before the 

program to < 10% 

during the entire period (from 32.3% to < 10% in children) (P < 0.01 for 

each visit). 

The initial prevalence of pyoderma in children was 69.4%, which was reduced 

and 

maintained at approximately one-half that rate during the last 16 months (P 

< 0.004 

for the last 4 visits). Residual pyoderma in children was significantly 

less severe 

and no longer scabies-related. CONCLUSIONS: This simplified model of 

scabies control 

had a substantial effect on scabies prevalence and on pyoderma prevalence and 

severity which was sustained for > 2 years. It could prove useful for other 

communities with high rates of scabies and pyoderma. 

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19.) Equivalent therapeutic efficacy and safety of ivermectin and lindane 

in the treatment of human scabies. 

================================================================= 

Arch Dermatol 1999 Jun;135(6):651-5 

Chouela EN, Abeldano AM, Pellerano G, La Forgia M, Papale RM, Garsd A, 

Balian MC, Battista V, Poggio N 

Department of Dermatology, the Hospital General de Agudos Dr Cosme 

Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina. chouela@impsat1.com.ar 

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ivermectin and 

lindane for the treatment of human scabies. DESIGN: Randomized, 

prospective, controlled, double-blind, "double-dummy," and parallel 

clinical study. SETTING: A single department of dermatology at a hospital 

in Buenos Aires, Argentina. PATIENTS: Patients were outpatients, 

hospitalized patients, and those referred to our hospital from nursing 

homes and asylums. Fifty-three patients had clinical signs and symptoms 

compatible with scabies. INTERVENTION: Patients received either a single 

oral dose of ivermectin (150-200 microg/kg of body weight) or a topical 

application of 1% lindane solution. Treatment was repeated after 15 days if 

clinical cure had not occurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical healing and 

adverse effects. RESULTS: Of 53 patients, 43 (81%) completed the study, 19 

in the group treated with ivermectin and 24 in the group treated with 

lindane. At day 15, 14 patients (74%; 95% confidence interval, 48.8%-90.8%) 

in the group receiving ivermectin showed healing of their scabies and 13 

patients (54%; 95% confidence interval, 32.8%-74.4%) in the group treated 

with lindane were healed. At 29 days, both treatments resulted in 

statistically equivalent therapeutic efficacy: 18 patients (95%; 95% 

confidence interval, 74.0%-99.9%) were healed with ivermectin and 23 

patients (96%; 95% confidence interval, 78.9%, 99.9%) were healed with 

lindane (P<.02). Adverse effects from the treatments were few, mild, and 

transient. Results from laboratory tests showed no major abnormalities and 

no difference between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Ivermectin is as effective 

as lindane for the treatment of scabies. Ivermectin is simpler to use and, 

therefore, is a promising tool to improve compliance and to control 

infestations. 

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20.) The treatment of scabies with ivermectin. 

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ARTICLE SOURCE: N Engl J Med (United States), Jul 6 1995, 333(1) p26-30 

AUTHOR(S): Meinking TL; Taplin D; Hermida JL; Pardo R; Kerdel FA 

PUBLICATION TYPE: CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE 

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND. Ivermectin is an anthelmintic agent that has been a 

safe, effective treatment for onchocerciasis (river blindness) when given 

in a single oral dose of 150 to 200 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. 

Anecdotal reports of improvement in patients who suffered from infestation 

with the mite Sarcoptes scabiei suggest that the ectoparasitic disease 

scabies might be treated with ivermectin. METHODS. We conducted an 

open-label study in which ivermectin was administered in a single oral dose 

of 200 micrograms per kilogram to 11 otherwise healthy patients with 

scabies and to 11 patients with scabies who were also infected with the 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 7 of whom had the acquired 

immunodeficiency syndrome. All patients received a full physical and 

dermatologic examination; scrapings from the skin of all patients tested 

positive for scabies. Patients were reexamined two and four weeks after 

treatment, when the scrapings for scabies were repeated. The patients used 

no other scabicides during the 30 days before ivermectin treatment or 

during the 4-week study period. RESULTS. None of the 11 otherwise healthy 

patients had evidence of scabies four weeks after a single dose of 

ivermectin. Of the 11 HIV-infected patients, 2 had or = 10 scabies lesions 

before treatment, 3 had 11 to 49 lesions, 4 had or = 50 lesions, and 2 had 

heavily crusted skin lesions. In eight of the patients the scabies was 

cured after a single dose of ivermectin. Two patients received a second 

dose two weeks after the first. Ten of the 11 patients with HIV infection 

(91 percent) had no evidence of scabies four weeks after their first 

treatment with ivermectin. CONCLUSIONS. The anthelmintic agent ivermectin, 

given in a single oral dose, is an effective treatment for scabies in 

otherwise healthy patients and in many patients with HIV infection. 

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21.) Epidemiology and control of scabies in an Egyptian village. 

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Hegazy AA, Darwish NM, Abdel-Hamid IA, Hammad SM 

Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. 

BACKGROUND: Some studies have addressed the epidemiology of scabies among 

rural populations in developing countries; however, the epidemiology of 

scabies among the rural population in Egypt is unknown. We sought to 

determine the magnitude of scabies infestation in an Egyptian village and 

to evaluate the control measures after 1 year. METHODS: This study was 

carried out on 3147 residents of Mit-Moaned village in Dakahlia govemorate, 

Egypt. It was a cross-sectional follow-up study where the same individuals 

examined in round I were re-examined in round III. The two rounds were 

separated by a period of 1 year, during which infested patients were 

followed up and new cases were discovered (round II). Patients and their 

household contacts received treatment with topical permethrin. Patients 

showing resistance to permethrin received a single oral dose of ivermectin. 

RESULTS: In round III, the overall prevalence rate of scabies was reduced 

from 5.4% in round I to 1.1%. The incidence of new cases among susceptible 

persons during round II was 1.1%. Scabies was significantly (P < 0.05) more 

prevalent among families of large size, high crowding index at night, low 

socioeconomic standards, and those receiving their water supply from a hand 

pump. Children younger than 10 years showed the highest prevalence. 

CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide the first complete picture of the 

epidemiology of scabies in rural Egypt. The epidemiologic characteristics 

of the disease should be considered in the design of disease control 

programs for other villages with scabies epidemics. Our findings revealed 

that good control was achieved with the following: increased awareness and 

better case finding, education of the staff at the rural health unit, 

improved hygiene measures, and massive treatment campaigns using effective 

drugs such as topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. 

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22.) Crusted scabies in two immunocompromised children: successful treatment 

with oral ivermectin. 

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Australas J Dermatol 1999 Feb;40(1):37-40 

Patel A, Hogan P, Walder B 

Department of Dermatology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia. 

Two immunodeficient children, aged 4 and 12 years, with crusted scabies 

were successfully treated with a single oral dose of ivermectin (200 

micrograms/kg). One child had been diagnosed in infancy with an undefined 

congenital T cell immunodeficiency and the other with chronic mucocutaneous 

candidiasis. Both had failed to respond to conventional topical therapy. In 

view of the excellent therapeutic response and absence of side-effects, 

ivermectin should be considered in the treatment of recalcitrant crusted 

scabies in children. 

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23.) Treatment of scabies with ivermectin. 

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Eur J Dermatol 1999 Mar;9(2):100-1 

Offidani A, Cellini A, Simonetti O, Fumelli C 

Clinica Dermatologica, Ospedale Umberto I, Piazza Cappelli 1, 60100 Ancona, 

Italy. 

The authors report six new cases of patients suffering from severe 

infestation with the mite sarcoptes scabiei, treated with ivermectin, 

currently the only oral therapy available for this disease. Each patient 

received 200 mug/kg of ivermectin, taken as single dose. No topical therapy 

was undertaken, except for topical treatment with emollient, as needed. The 

drug was very effective in all cases, easy to use, safe, and particularly 

useful in those patients with secondary eczematisation and escoriations, 

for whom the topical treatments are irritant and less well tolerated. 

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24.) Efficacy and tolerance of oral ivermectin in scabies. 

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J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998 Nov;11(3):247-51 

Dourmishev A, Serafimova D, Dourmishev L 

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University, Sofia, 

Bulgaria. ald@medun.acad.bg 

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this open-label study was to investigate the 

therapeutic effect and adverse reactions of oral ivermectin in scabies 

patients. BACKGROUND: There is much confusion over reports of efficacy, 

adverse reactions and relapses after oral treatment of scabies with 

ivermectin. METHODS: Nineteen patients, ten otherwise healthy outpatients 

with scabies, and nine inpatients with scabies and another skin disease 

(dermatomyositis, 3; pemphigus, 2; bullous pemphigoid, 1; pyoderma, 1; HIV, 

1; Behcet's disease, 1) were treated with an oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg 

ivermectin (1% water solution) on days 1 and 8. The presence of live mites 

and ova in the patient's skin was investigated before, during and after the 

treatment. RESULTS: None of the 19 patients with scabies had evidence of 

scabies after the second dose of ivermectin. In seven patients we noted the 

enhancement of pruritus 24-72 h after the first administration of 

ivermectin. In three patients the skin manifestation, vesicle-pustular rash 

increased between the second and the fourth day. CONCLUSION: The advantages 

of oral ivermectin treatment in scabies patients are: high therapeutic 

efficacy against Sarcoptes scabiei, good tolerance and influence of the 

drug on the whole skin surface and on clinical symptoms. The administration 

of the drug is easy and quick. 

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25.) Norwegian scabies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 

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Dermatology 1998;197(3):306-8 

Guggisberg D, de Viragh PA, Constantin C, Panizzon RG 

Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 

Lausanne, et Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Romand de Dermatologie et 

Venereologie (DHURDV), Lausanne/Geneve, Suisse. 

We report the case of a 42-year-old man with symptomatic HIV infection (C3 

CDC stage) who presented widespread hyperkeratotic skin lesions diagnosed 

as Norwegian scabies. The CD4 count was 87 cells/mm3. The patient has been 

the source of a nosocomial outbreak (20 individuals affected). He was 

treated successfully with combined topical treatment (permethrin 5% cream 

plus keratolytic agents) and oral ivermectin. 

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26.) Ivermectin for Sarcoptes scabiei hyperinfestation. 

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Int J Infect Dis 1998 Jan-Mar;2(3):152-4 

Huffam SE, Currie BJ 

Royal Darwin Hospital, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern 

Territory, Australia. 

OBJECTIVES: Crusted (Norwegian) scabies is an unusual variant of scabies 

caused by hyperinfestation with Sarcoptes scabiei. It has high morbidity, 

and secondary bacterial skin sepsis may result in life-threatening 

bacteremia. An open label study of oral ivermectin was carried out in 

patients with crusted scabies refractory to topical therapy. METHODS: 

Patients with refractory crusted scabies were prescribed oral ivermectin, 

one to three doses of 200 mg/kg at 14-day intervals, combined with topical 

scabicide and keratolytic therapy. RESULTS: Of the 20 patients who received 

ivermectin, 8 had a complete initial clinical response, a partial response 

was achieved in 9, and minimal improvement occurred in 3. Three doses of 

ivermectin were curative for 8 of 10 cases, but recurrence of scabies from 

presumed reinfestation occurred in at least half of these. CONCLUSION: The 

authors conclude that ivermectin is effective for crusted scabies; however, 

multiple doses may be required to achieve a cure, and recurrence 6 or more 

weeks after completing treatment is common. 

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27.) Crusted scabies of the scalp in dermatomyositis patients: three cases 

treated with oral ivermectin. 

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Int J Dermatol 1998 Mar;37(3):231-4 

Dourmishev AL, Serafimova DK, Dourmishev LA, Mualla MA, Papaharalambous V, 

Malchevsky T 

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Medicine, Sofia, 

Bulgaria. 

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous features in the scalp area among adult patients are 

rarely considered as a manifestation of scabies. METHODS: Three patients 

with clinical and laboratory data of dermatomyositis with scalp involvement 

(fulfill three or four of Bohan and Peter's criteria), of 4 years, 8 

months, and 3 years duration, were seen at our department between 1995 and 

1996. For relapses of ordinary scabies, they were treated repeatedly with 

local scabicide with temporary effect. After a symptom-free period during 

the treatment of dermatomyositis with corticosteroids and azathioprine, 

they developed diffuse redness with scales and crusts on the scalp areas. 

Light microscopy examination of material taken from these crusts showed an 

abundance of live mites. RESULTS: All patients were successfully cured of 

scabies with a twice oral dose of 200 microg/kg ivermectin within 8 days. 

CONCLUSIONS: Our patients with crusted scabies of the scalp and 

dermatomyositis prompted us to change our standard diagnostic and 

therapeutic regimens. Fascinating features included mimicry of scabies in 

patients with dermatomyositis, location of parasites on the scalp, 

suppressed cell-mediated immunity and successful cure of mange by ivermectin. 

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DATA-MÉDICOS/DERMAGIC-EXPRESS No (78) 14/10/99 DR. JOSE LAPENTA R. 

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Produced by Dr. José Lapenta R. Dermatologist
Venezuela 1.998-2.024

Producido por Dr. José Lapenta R. Dermatólogo Venezuela 1.998-2.0024

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